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This morning’s figures show the German business climate and expectations rose in August, sparking further gains for the euro which has strengthened against its major currency partners. Sterling sentiment remains weak, putting pressure on currency rates for the pound, while Japanese export levels have fallen for the tenth straight month.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

Sterling currency rates touched on a 10-week low against the single currency yesterday, falling to 1.1410 in the midst of weak market sentiment. This morning the pound continues to fall, trading at 1.13 against the euro and 1.63 against the US dollar.

Sterling sentiment remains extremely weak at present, due to the absence of positive UK data and growing levels of government debt. The rise in German business confidence has led to increased pressure on the pound, though economists are speculating this could be positive for sterling as a euro recovery, combined with weak exchange rates will help stimulate UK exports. The next two days are light for UK data with GDP figures released on Friday.

US Dollar – US Markets

The US dollar rose for the fifth consecutive day against the pound, as markets responded favourably to the news that Ben Bernanke would be appointed a second term as Fed chairman. This morning US currency rates are valued at 0.69 versus euro and 0.61 against the pound, while declining against the yen, Australian and New Zealand dollars.

US consumer confidence figures released yesterday show confidence rose for the first time in three months, reaching 54.1 and topping the 50 mark which separates negative from positive data. House prices however, continued to decline, falling 6.1% in the second quarter despite a 0.5% rise in the month to July. Today new home sales figures and durable goods orders will be of interest to US markets.

Euro – European Markets

Euro currency rates have continued to rally this morning, gaining a further 0.3% on the pound and 0.15% on the US dollar. The single currency has also gained against its Asian and European currency partners, touching on 0.84 against the pound and 1.43 against the US dollar.

The German IFO business climate survey has risen to 90.5 in August, while expectations have also risen to 95. The German import price index came in at -0.9% on the month but overall, the euro is stronger due to dramatically improved sentiment in the eurozone. There is no further data in the eurozone today, with economic, consumer and industrial confidence released later in the week.

Other Currencies – Highlights

In Japan export levels have declined in July, falling for the tenth straight month sparking fears that the effects of global stimulus packages may be beginning to wane. Export levels fell 37.5% in July, more than the 36.5% recorded in June. Currency rates for the yen have climbed against the pound, euro and US dollar this morning.

Annual inflation rates in Brazil have slowed for the third consecutive month, prompting speculation that the central bank will keep interest rates low until mid 2010. Currency rates for the Brazilian real fell 1% against the US dollar following the news, and are currently trading at 1.86 per US dollar.

An index measuring confidence among business professionals in the UK has risen the most in over two years, as speculation grows that the UK will end its recession in the third quarter. News that Thailand has emerged from recession and improved sentiment from Ben Bernanke led to gains in Asian trading overnight, with yen and US dollar foreign exchange rates falling as demand for the safe havens diminishes.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

Sterling foreign exchange rates are relatively unchanged this morning, slightly down against the US, Australian and Canadian currencies, while recovering some of the ground against the euro lost on Friday. Sterling is currently trading at USD1.64 and EUR1.15.

The Institute of Chartered Accountants has seen confidence among business professionals rise by the largest amount in two years, as the UK is expected to return to growth in the third quarter. The index leapt from -28.2 at the end of March to 4.8 at the end of June. The London FTSE has gained ground following the news. This week is light for UK data, with nationwide house prices released tomorrow.

US Dollar – US Markets

US foreign exchange rates are slightly higher this morning against the yen, euro and pound while declining against its Asian currency partners. The dollar is currently valued at EUR0.69 and GBP0.60.

Comments from Ben Bernanke that growth prospects for the US economy “appear good” helped fuel a rise in risk appetite overnight with Asian markets gaining ground. The pound reached an 11-day high against the dollar last week after US house prices continued to rise for the fifth consecutive month. This week brings more housing data in the US, along with consumer confidence and durable goods orders.

Euro – European Markets

Euro foreign exchange rates are slightly weaker this morning, losing ground against all its major currency partners with the exception of the pound, Swiss franc, yen and South Korean won. The single currency is currently trading at USD1.42 and GBP0.86.

The euro continued is rally in Friday’s trading following news that business expectations in Germany and France rose to their highest level in over two years, supporting the view that their economies are recovering. This morning industrial new orders in the eurozone rose 3.1% in June, while still declining at an annual rate of -25.1%. There is no major data in the eurozone today.

Other Currencies – Highlights

In Asian markets Thailand is the latest country to join the growing list of those emerging from recession. In combination with improved confidence from Ben Bernanke, this has fuelled gains in Asian stock markets this morning, where markets from Hong Kong to South Korea have gained ground.

The Japanese yen has weakened against the euro for the third consecutive day, as growing optimism is capping demand for the safe haven currencies. The yen also declined the most against the Australian and South Korean currencies, and is currently valued at 135.63 per euro.

The Bank of England has voted to leave interest rates on hold and decided against expanding its quantitative easing programme, despite the downbeat outlook for the UK economy. Currency rates for the euro are stronger on the back of positive German economic data while the US dollar and yen have slipped following a small rise in risk appetite in the market.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

Sterling currency rates have recovered slightly this morning ahead of the Bank of England interest rate decision. The pound has gained against the US dollar and Japanese yen, and is unchanged against the euro, currently trading at 1.15.

Today the MPC voted to keep interest rates on hold at 0.5% and maintain current levels of quantitative easing at GBP125 billion, despite the dire production and GDP figures released in the last week. Bank of England governor King has announced that economic recovery is expected to be a “long hard slog” and more action could be needed to kick-start a sustainable recovery in the UK. This morning’s figures show the UK trade deficit has narrowed to GBP-6.3 billion, the lowest level since June 2006. The interest rate decision is due at noon.

US Dollar – US Markets

US currency rates are mixed this morning as the dollar has gained against its Asian currency partners but weakened against the European currencies. In early trading this morning the dollar lost half a percent against the pound and euro, currently trading at 0.61 and 0.71 respectively.

The IMF released updated forecasts yesterday, revising global growth down to -1.4% this year, with a 2.5% expansion predicted in 2010. The report also announced that recovery in the G8 nations could be quicker than expected and the priority for governments should be devising an exit strategy from stimulus packages, while maintaining low inflation and steady growth. However the largely positive report failed to trigger gains in currency exchange rates, as markets were more interested in the results of the G8 summit. Jobless claims figures are out in the US today.

Euro – European Markets

Currency rates for the euro have strengthened this morning against its international currency partners, gaining 0.5% on the dollar and 0.9% on the yen due to increased risk appetite in the market. The euro is currently valued at 0.86 versus the pound and remains just below the 1.4 level against the US dollar.

The German consumer price index has risen 0.4% on the month for June, completing a surprisingly optimistic picture of the German economy this week. As the largest in the eurozone, a recovery in the German trade and export sector could be instrumental in helping to lift the rest of the euro economy out of recession. The G8 summit continues in Italy today, with economy top of the international agenda and the ECB monthly report is also due today.

Other Currencies – Highlights

Aussie and Kiwi currency rates rose against the euro and pound this morning, boosted by market optimism and the UK interest rate decision. Australian unemployment levels rose in June to 5.8%, a drastic rise from last year’s low of 3.9%. However this failed to disrupt Aussie currency rates too much, as the 21,000 jobs lost was largely in line with market expectations.

Central banks in Chile and Peru are set to cut interest rates today, after annual inflation figures in Chile fell below government targets. Chile has already reduced the base interest rate by 7.5% this year, more than any other central bank as the economy suffers due to declining export prices and reduced consumer demand. Economists are also predicting Peru will reduce its base interest rate to 2.5% for the sixth consecutive month following the affects of recession on the economy.

GDP for the first quarter has contracted -2.5% in the eurozone, a figure in line with market expectations and one that takes the annual rate of decline to -4.9%. Exchange rates for many of the high yielding currencies are lower this morning, particularly the pound which is under pressure in anticipation of trade balance figures and the MPC interest rate decision due tomorrow.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

Sterling exchange rates hit a one-month low against the euro yesterday, the third consecutive day of losses as the pound was put on the back foot from weak industrial production and manufacturing data. This morning the pound has declined to 1.6 against the US dollar and 1.15 against the euro, sliding ahead of the interest rate decision tomorrow.

The first round of second quarter GDP predictions has arrived with the NISER predicting the economy will shrink by -0.4%. Halifax house pricing figures released this morning show that prices have declined -15% on the year, with a -0.5 decline in June partially reversing the 2.6% rise in May. Weak UK data is leading to speculation that the Bank of England will add to its quantitative easing programme and this has reduced support for the pound. Today is light for UK data with sterling exchange rates likely to be affected by trade balance and GDP figures out tomorrow.

US Dollar – US Markets

US dollar exchange rates have climbed this morning, continuing gains from recent days on the back of market risk aversion. The dollar is currently valued at 0.71 versus the euro and 0.62 versus the pound.

The G8 summit kicks off today although with Chinese President Hu Jintao delayed, debate over the status of the USD as the premier reserve currency is likely to be put on hold. Recent uncertainty in the market has led investors to flock to the safe haven dollar in droves, quelling doubts over the position of the dollar as reserve for the moment. The Japanese yen has also risen to six-week highs against the euro and pound on the back of uncertainty. Today in the US MBA mortgage application figures are released with jobless claims figures out tomorrow.

Euro – European Markets

Euro exchange rates reached a one-month high against the pound yesterday, boosted by bullish German data and weak figures from the UK. This morning the euro has continued to gain, currently trading at 0.86 versus the pound and 1.39 against the US dollar.

Euro exchange rates received a boost yesterday from German factory orders which unexpectedly jumped to 4.4%. This is in contrast to industrial production figures in the UK, where markets expected a 0.2% rise but in fact got a -0.5% contraction. This morning first quarter GDP figures for the eurozone show the economy contracted -2.5% in the first quarter, in line with market expectations. German industrial production figures are also due this morning and this is likely to provide further insight into how the eurozone economy is faring.

Other Currencies – Highlights

Australian dollar exchange rates reached a three-week high against the pound yesterday as weak figures in the UK and the RBA interest rate decision renewed optimism in the Australian economy. Consumer confidence in Australia also surged by 9% in July and new mortgage lending rose by 2.2%. However despite the positive data, the pound eventually trimmed losses to close the day up against the Aussie dollar following news that Asian economies face a steep climb out of recession. Internationally, appetite for risk is low and this is putting pressure on exchange rates for the Aussie and Kiwi dollar.

Both sterling and euro currency rates are at their highest level this year against the US dollar as market sentiment continues to improve following news the pace of recession is moderating. This is despite news that General Motors, once the world’s largest auto manufacturer, is to declare bankruptcy later in the day. This week brings interest rate decisions from the Bank of England, European Central Bank and Australian Reserve Bank.

Pound Sterling – UK markets

The sterling currency rate weakened against the euro on Friday, closing the day at 1.14. In early trading this morning, the pound has risen to 1.15 against the euro and 1.64 against the US dollar. This is the highest level in 2009 for sterling, fuelled by the improvement in global confidence.

Sterling currency rates have climbed across the board this morning, with the pound reaching some of the best currency rates in 2009 against its major currency partners. This positive sentiment is based on the view that decline in the UK economy may be nearing a bottom. The UK PMI for manufacturing released this morning shows an improvement to 45.4, climbing from 43.1 towards 50 which indicates a positive result. The Bank of England’s MPC will meet later this week for an interest rate decision. With rates currently at a record low of 0.5%, no change is expected and any further activity is expected to be based on quantitative easing.

US Dollar – US Markets

The dollar has declined against most of its international currency partners this morning, trading over 1.3% lower against the pound and 0.6% lower against the euro. US currency rates have also sunk over 1.4% against the Australian and New Zealand dollars.

Currency trends for the US dollar are bearish at present and are expected to remain so over the coming month. Weakness in the auto sector is weighing on dollar sentiment and levels of QE in the US are keeping investors uncertain. General Motors, once a symbol of American consumerism and the world’s biggest company, is to declare bankruptcy later in the day. GM is one of the most high profile casualties of the credit crunch and is expected to undergo a short “surgical” bankruptcy with a new “leaner” company to be launched in 60 days. Personal income and consumption figures are due in the US today and these often provide a degree of market volatility as they are closely related to retail sales and consumer confidence.

Euro – European Markets

The euro has also benefitted from a rise in risk appetite internationally, gaining over 0.5% on the dollar to trade at some of the best currency rates this year. The euro is currently valued at 1.42 against the greenback, 0.86 against the pound and 134 against the yen.

After touching on the best currency rates in 2009 against the US dollar on Friday, the euro has continued to gain this morning on the back of improved risk appetite. This is despite the bankruptcy of General Motors which is expected to cost up to 20,000 European jobs. The PMI for manufacturing in both Germany and the eurozone have continued to climb this month, showing a modest improvement in the European manufacturing sector. The EMU unemployment rate is released tomorrow.

Other Currencies – Highlights

The Australian dollar has surged against the pound and US dollar overnight as improved risk appetite and commodity prices support currency rates for the higher yielding currencies. Numbers of new building permits and the RBA interest rate decision for June are due overnight and this could induce some currency volatility for the Aussie dollar.

The Canadian dollar has also gained overnight on the back of more positive market sentiment, climbing nearly one percent on the US currency. Figures released in China overnight indicated a modest expansion in manufacturing activity and this has boosted market sentiment in North America. Canadian GDP figures and industrial product prices are due this afternoon.

Currency exchange rates have opened on a weak note this morning as North Korean missile tests and concern over government debt levels led to a more neutral trend in equities. With US and UK markets closed for a bank holiday yesterday the euro strengthened over the pound and dollar, although this morning these losses have been recovered.

Pound Sterling – UK markets

A bank holiday in the UK yesterday saw sterling currency rates weaken against the euro. This morning the pound has recovered these gains, currently trading at 1.13 on the euro and 1.58 against the US dollar.

Last week’s figures showed the UK economy contracted an unrevised 1.9% in the first quarter of 2009. This is largely due to a 5.9% drop in exports leading to significant contraction in the industrial production sector. Also last week the Standard and Poor’s downgraded the UK sovereign credit rating based on the level of government debt as a proportion of GDP. These factors are responsible for the weak trend in Sterling at present as investors worry over government debt levels worldwide. This morning Virgin Atlantic announced it has doubled annual profits, despite rising oil prices and the recession. This is in contrast to British Airways who announced a GBP401 million pre-tax loss for the last year. There are no major announcements in the UK today.

US Dollar – US Markets

With US markets also closed for a public holiday yesterday the dollar lost ground against the euro overnight. This morning this has been recovered as US currency rates have climbed to 0.63 against the pound and 0.71 against the euro.

At present the underlying trend in US markets is negative as investors worry over government debt levels. While recent weeks have brought investors optimism based on recovery prospects, leading to gains in equities and currency exchange rates, the current focus on government debt levels is creating a sense of underlying nervousness in the market. With the Standard and Poor’s last week downgrading the UK credit rating, other countries have now come under the international spotlight. The US budged deficit is also sizeable and this is affecting dollar sentiment. Consumer confidence figures are out in the US today.

Euro – European Markets

With US and UK markets closed for a bank holiday yesterday the euro advanced on both currencies. This morning, these gains have been trimmed as the pound and dollar recover against the single currency. At present, euro currency rates are weaker against the Australian and New Zealand dollar and little changed against the yen and US dollar.

European equities opened on a weak note this morning amid concerns over the North Korean missile tests and debt amongst European banking institutions. Export levels in Germany plunged 9.7% in the first quarter and the economy as a whole contracted 3.8%. Figures released this morning show new industrial orders for the European Monetary Union have fallen by -26.9%. Although significant, this is an improvement on the last quarter and shows the pace of decline is easing. The German consumer price index is out tomorrow.

Other Currencies – Highlights

South Africa’s economy contracted by -6.4% in the first quarter, sending the entire economy into recession as mining and construction were scaled back due to the global recession. This follows a -1.8% contraction in the fourth quarter of 2008, reflecting a sharp downturn in economic activity. This news snapped a decade of growth for South Africa and weeks of gains for the rand, which weakened on the back of the negative figures.

The New Zealand dollar is likely to experience some volatility this week with the release of the annual budget. This could impact on credit ratings also which seem to be in the international spotlight at present.

The head of the International Monetary Fund has stressed the need for unity among world leaders at the G20 meeting in London next week. “It is absolutely necessary for leaders to find agreement,” said IMF managing director Dominique Strauss-Kahn. The UN has also called for urgent action at the G20 to prevent the financial crisis developing into a “catastrophe for human development”.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

Mortgage approvals for house purchases in Britain rose more than expected in February, according to official figures from the Bank of England. There were 38,000 approvals in the month, up from 32,000 in January – the highest number since May 2008.

There was also the biggest net repayment of consumer debt since records began in April 1993. Consumers repaid £245m worth of credit more than they took out in February, having taken on an extra £165m of credit in January.

However, mortgage approval data hasn’t stopped the pound from tumbling today, after a report by the property industry group Hometrack showed that the average price for a home in England and Wales plummeted by a record 10.3 percent on year in March. March’s annual fall was the biggest yet in Hometrack’s monthly survey of estate agents and surveyors, which started in 2000 and has persistently reported lower price falls than official government data.

US Dollar – US Markets

Supported by lower oil prices, the US dollar soared in early training to a 12-day high against its UK, European and Swiss counterparts as concerns about the global economy prompted investors to seek the safety of the world’s most liquid currency.

However, the dollar has since slumped back against the yen amid fresh concerns about struggling US carmakers General Motors and Chrysler. The fall follows comments from a rescue task force that said their plans for recovery are “not viable.”

The euro, however, remains weaker against the greenback as investors anticipate European Central Bank policy-makers will reduce interest rates when they meet on Thursday.

Euro – European Markets

The Irish Republic’s economy has suffered its largest contraction in recent decades. The Irish economy shrank by 7.5% in the last three months of 2008 compared with the same period a year earlier, a report by the Central Statistics Office has shown.

The construction industry, which has faced a housing market slump, suffered a 24% fall in output, the biggest fall on record. In the whole of 2008 the economy shrank by 2.3%, the first decline since 1983. Ireland has experienced a sharp downturn, becoming the first eurozone country to fall into recession in 2008.

The economic crisis in Spain has taken a new turn on Monday after the country became the first in the euro zone to report disinflation on the heels of a weekend takeover of a Spanish savings bank by the government. Preliminary data showed that harmonised consumer prices fell 0.1% in March on an annual basis, against a 0.7% rise in February, according to the Instituto Nacional de Estatdistica. It was the first decline in consumer prices since the INE started tracking figures in 1961. Analysts had been expecting a rise in prices of around 0.4%.

Other Currencies – Highlights

Official figures show that Japan’s manufacturing output has fallen for the fifth consecutive month. Industrial production dropped 9.4% in February, but rebounded from January’s record 10.2% plunge, Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry said.

Retail sales growth in the UK almost stalled in February as consumers cut back on spending, figures from the Office of National Statistics show. Sales growth slowed to 0.4% last month, the smallest increase since 1995, after a 3.6% rise in January. Analysts had expected retail sales growth to slow to 2.5%.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

The UK Treasury has failed to sell all its government bonds in an auction for the first time since 2002. The Debt Management Office has said that the Treasury wanted to sell £1.75bn of 40-year bonds, but investors only bid for £1.63bn of the debt. Analysts said this may reflect concern over the state of the public finances as government borrowing surges.

Meanwhile, the UK February Retail Sales Report has seen the Pound decline against the US Dollar.

US Dollar – US Markets

In a quiet day for US data, Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner has defended the Dollar as the world reserve currency, a day after China called for it to be replaced. Pointing to the ongoing global financial crisis, China’s Central Bank governor, Zhou Xiaochuan called for a new reserve currency run by the International Monetary Fund.

Euro – European Markets

Following yesterday’s report that showed dire figures about German business confidence, German consumer confidence has declined for the first time in seven months. Workers are increasingly worried about keeping their jobs amid the worst recession since World War II, GfK AG’s confidence index for April shown.

According to the Dutch Central Bureau for Statistics, the Dutch economy shrank 0.6% on the year in the fourth quarter. In line with estimates, the Dutch economy in the fourth quarter contracted 1% from the previous quarter, according to the second estimate, which is a downward revision of 0.1 percentage point compared with the first estimate.

Spanish new housing starts fell 42% last year as a decade-long housing boom went bust, data from the country’s Housing Ministry has shown. Housing starts fell to 360,044 last year, from 615,976 in 2007. The resulting decline in housing investment pushed the wider Spanish economy into recession at the end of last year.

A report from Statistics Denmark has said the Danish seasonally adjusted jobless rate climbed to 2.5% last month from 2.3% in January. The figure, which is in line with forecasts, shows that Denmark’s unemployment rate rose in February for the fifth straight month. Denmark’s jobless rate has climbed steadily since September, when it was 1.7%.

Italian business confidence continued to fall in March, staying at its lowest level since records began in 1991, with recent bankruptcies painting a bleak outlook for the economy and exports, research centre ISAE has said.

ISAE said March business confidence in the Eurozone’s third-largest economy fell to 59.8 from 63.2 in February, well below expectations. A survey of 12 economists polled by Dow Jones Newswires forecast Italian business confidence at 62.7. In the report Thursday, ISAE said sentiment in the consumer goods sector fell to 72.1 from 76.8, while investment goods sentiment slid to 56.5 from 58.7.

Following these somewhat bleak reports, the Euro weakened against its major counterparts, before bouncing back slightly against the Swiss Franc.

Other Currencies – Highlights

The Shekel-US Dollar exchange rate rose 1% in morning inter-bank trading and the Shekel-Euro exchange rate rose 1.68% after the Bank of Israel announced yesterday evening that it would continue to buy US Dollars.

Gordon Brown will repeat calls for greater fiscal stimulus and more financial regulation on a visit to the US as part of his pre-G20 summit tour. The prime minister’s strategies for reviving the economy appear to have been broadly backed by US President Barack Obama. Brown is touring three continents ahead of next week’s G20 summit, calling on governments to back plans for possible further stimulus action.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

Answering questions from MPs at a Treasury committee meeting, Mervyn King, the governor of the Bank of England, has warned against further significant government spending to stimulate the economy. Given the high levels of UK debt as a result of recent stimulus packages, Mr King questioned the wisdom of increasing debt by spending more.

Following yesterday’s surprise jump in British consumer price inflation to an annual rate of 3.2 percent, Sterling fell against the US Dollar and Euro, giving back some of the previous session’s gains as investors reconsidered the unexpected rise in inflation.

US Dollar – US Markets

Barack Obama has told Americans he sees signs of economic recovery, but has urged them to be patient and look beyond their “short-term interests”. The US president said his draft budget would build a stronger economy which would mean America did not face a repeat crisis in 10 or 20 years. Obama’s $3.6tn budget faces its first tests in Congress this week.

Orders for US durable goods are predicted to have fallen in February for a seventh straight month as the global slump in business spending deepened, economists said before the release of data from the US Commerce Department today.

Bookings for goods meant to last several years decreased 2.5%, according to the median forecast of economists surveyed by Bloomberg News, after dropping 4.5 percent in January. A report on new-home sales, also from the Commerce Department, is anticipated to show sales of new houses declined to the lowest level on record.

Euro – European Markets

Germany’s Munich-based Ifo Institute for Economic Research released a German business confidence survey earlier today. The business confidence index has dropped to a historical low of 82.1 in March from 82.6 in February. The Euro has now gained slightly against its major counterparts.

According to research centre ISAE, Italian consumer confidence fell more-than-expected in March as households’ view of the overall economy and employment opportunities slipped. ISAE said the seasonally adjusted consumer confidence index for Europe’s fourth-largest economy dropped to 99.8 from 104 in February, returning to levels last seen at the end of 2008.

ISAE said consumers’ expectations of their overall economic situation fell sharply to 62.1 from 70.4, while views on rising unemployment increased to 115 from 97. Views on their personal situation dropped to 118.3 from 120.7.

Other Currencies – Highlights

Japan’s exports saw a record plunge in February, falling by nearly half compared with a year earlier, according to the country’s finance ministry. In line with forecasts, exports fell 49.4% year-on-year to 3.526tn yen ($36bn; £24.6bn). This data comes after figures for January showed year-on-year exports nearly halved that month as well.

The South African Rand was softer against the US Dollar in early trade today, moving back into the 9.50s, as some nervousness about global stock markets returned to the markets.

Scottish MPs will question senior executives from Royal Bank of Scotland and Lloyds Banking Group – two of the banks given multi-billion pound bailouts by the government.

The Scottish Affairs Committee will hear from Gordon Pell from RBS and Archie Kane from Lloyds, and Alasdair Darling will be questioned further about the massive pension paid to former RBS chief executive Sir Fred Goodwin. Scottish Secretary Jim Murphy has accused Sir Fred of ”banking vandalism” and called his £16m pension fund “extraordinarily distasteful”.

Pound Sterling – UK Markets

A report released by the Office for National Statistics says that the UK public sector borrowed more than expected as central government tax revenue fell sharply on the year and spending continued to rise.

The UK public sector borrowed £9bn in February, a steep increase from £1.1bn a year earlier. Expectations for net borrowing were around £7.7bn and the reported level is the highest February borrowing figure since records began in 1993.

A report from the Council of Mortgage Lenders says that the slump in mortgage lending continued in February with gross lending down by 60% on February 2008. Lending, at £9.9bn, was 15% lower than in January, and was the lowest figure for any month since February 2001. The CML said its members’ ability to lend was drying up because too many savers were choosing to put their money in National Savings policies. Mortgage rationing has led to house sales falling by more than half.

US Dollar – US Markets

The Federal Reserve has said it will buy almost $1.2trn worth of debt to help boost lending and promote economic recovery. The Fed said it would start buying long-term government debt and expand purchases of mortgage-related debt.

The size of the move has stunned investors, and caused the Dow Jones stock index to jump almost 200 points. It is hoped that the measures will boost mortgage lending and the struggling housing market by lowering interest rates on mortgages and other forms of consumer debt.

The news caused a mammoth drop for the US Dollar. The greenback experienced its third biggest one-day decline yesterday since daily pricing began back in 1970, bringing a swift end to the rally that had pushed the Dollar to the highest levels since 2006. The greenback ended the day down against both the Euro and the Pound, and reached a three-week low against the Canadian Dollar.

Euro – European Markets

According to the Dutch National Bureau for Statistics, Dutch consumers are more pessimistic in March compared to a month earlier. The Dutch consumer confidence index stood at -34 in March, falling from February’s reading of -30. The bureau added that consumers have never been so pessimistic about the economy.

The bureau also released a report showing that the Dutch unemployment rate was 4.1% in the three months to February 2009, up from 3.9% in the previous three-month period, marking the third such period in a row in which unemployment has increased.

Other Currencies – Highlights

Excluding the Yen, all of the ten most-active Asian currencies have strengthened against the US Dollar. The Yuan rose to its strongest level this year, as the People’s Bank of China set the reference rate at the highest level in more than three months.

Meanwhile, analysts are predicting that the Indian Rupee will fall beyond record lows in the coming months, as the Reserve Bank of India focuses on supporting the government’s spending measures and attempts to stifle a market sell-off that has driven the yield curve to its steepest levels in 11 years.